Compréhension écrite — stratégie›
Avant de lire le texte
- Lire toutes les questions pour cibler la lecture
- Identifier le type de document : article / email / rapport / publicité / forum...
Pendant la lecture
- Skim : survoler (titre, introduction, conclusion, sous-titres)
- Scan : chercher mots-clés, dates, chiffres, noms propres
Répondre aux questions
- Always answer in your own words — never copy-paste from the text
- True / False : always justify with a sentence from the text
- Short answers : complete sentences, no bullet points
⚠ Classic traps: sometimes / often / always / never / all / only — check carefully!
Budget 10 min at the end to check spelling, tenses and grammar.
Vocabulaire — Réseau, Infrastructure & Sécurité›
Networking / Infrastructure
bandwidth · router · gateway · subnet · latency · throughput · uptime · outage · firewall · DMZ · VLAN · VPN · proxy · load balancer · switch · patch · upgrade · rollout
Security
breach · vulnerability · exploit · payload · threat · risk · encryption · malware · phishing · ransomware · zero-day · MFA · audit · compliance · pentest
Traductions essentielles
- data breach = violation de données
- patch = correctif / mise à jour de sécurité
- throughput = débit effectif | bandwidth = bande passante
- uptime = disponibilité | downtime = interruption de service
- compliance = conformité | audit trail = piste d'audit
Vocabulaire — Cloud, Projet & Droit›
Cloud & Systems
SaaS · IaaS · PaaS · scalability · redundancy · backup · migration · container · deployment · orchestration · outage · rollback
Project Management
stakeholder · deadline · milestone · requirement · scope · sprint · KPI · SLA · ROI · TCO · agile · troubleshoot · helpdesk
Legal & Compliance
GDPR · data controller · data processor · consent · right of access · intellectual property · copyright · license · liability · outsourcing
TCO = Total Cost of Ownership | SLA = Service Level Agreement | ROI = Return on Investment
Expression écrite — Email professionnel›
Opening
- I am writing to inform you that / to request / to follow up on…
- Further to our meeting of… / With reference to your email of…
Making a request
- I would appreciate it if you could…
- Could you please confirm… / I would like to request…
Giving information
- Please find attached… / I am pleased to inform you that…
- I regret to inform you that… (mauvaise nouvelle)
Closing
- Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
- I look forward to hearing from you. / I look forward to your reply.
- Yours sincerely (nom connu) | Yours faithfully (nom inconnu) | Best regards
⚠ Jamais de contractions dans un email formel : cannot (pas can't), do not (pas don't)
Grammaire — points essentiels›
Present perfect
have / has + V3 → lien passé/présent
"The server has crashed." / "We have updated the firewall."
Voix passive
is / are / was / were + V3
"The system was compromised." / "Patches are released monthly."
Conditionnels
Type 1 (réel) : If + present → will → "If you reboot, it will work."
Type 2 (hypothèse) : If + past → would → "If we had a VPN, we would be safer."
Modaux
- must : obligation forte | should : conseil
- may / might : possibilité | can / could : capacité / permission
Reported speech
He said that the server was down. (recul d'un temps)
She told me that they had updated the system.